What types of radiation can an unstable atom emit to reach a stable state?

An unstable atom emits radiation as a means to achieve stability, and this process commonly involves the emission of alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays.

Alpha radiation consists of helium nuclei, which helps the atom reduce its mass and increase its stability. This type of emission is typical for heavy elements that have too many protons and neutrons.

Beta radiation occurs when a neutron in the nucleus decays into a proton and an electron, thereby adjusting the proton-to-neutron ratio and helping the atom reach a more stable configuration.

Gamma radiation is electromagnetic radiation that is emitted when the nucleus transitions from a higher energy state to a lower energy state. Gamma emission usually accompanies alpha and beta decay and serves to carry away the excess energy without changing the number of protons or neutrons in the nucleus.

In summary, the combination of alpha, beta, and gamma radiation is essential in understanding the decay processes of unstable atoms and their journey towards stability.